From the start of this paper I am going to look into the idea and purpose of education and the perspective of philosophy and pedagogy at the subject of education. Then I will introduce epistemology, as one branch of philosophy which has lots of implications on this paper, and its adaptation for better collaboration with pedagogy in the form of the study of metacognition. The main part of the paper will be related to metacognitive thinking, but not strictly to the concept itself but to related developmental processes through which we accordingly monitor the development of cognition, gradually from cognition of the external to the internal world. The central part of the paper is therefore related to the theory of cognitive development and immediately after the theory of moral development. In order to return the focus to a man as a subject of metacognition, in the third chapter we will present some implications of metacognitive thinking in education and the application of certain abilities in the pedagogical aspect. Towards the end, the emphasis shifts to the development of a man and his self- awareness, self-knowledge and self-fulfillment into an independent and active being, which is the purpose of the education with which the work has began.