This thesis discusses the ecological philosophy (ecosophy) of Indian author Vandana Shiva. The author points out the change in the understanding of the planet Earth from Mother Nature to a resource reduced to simple factors. It is the resources that are the fundamental impetus for colonization and neo-colonization, which, as the author claims, has never ended, nor can it end without radical change. The term biopiracy means the theft of natural assets of Third World countries, and with the help of patents and genetically modified organisms it shows in which ways the Third World is exploited. Patents take away the possibility of human creativity, and genetically modified organisms are the last point of human interference in nature. Human activity on Earth leads to the reduction of biodiversity, to local and global ecological crises. The culmination of man's exploitation of nature is manifested in climate change, which the production system, which created them, exploits them to its advantage and thus deepens the problem of climate change, while masking them as the responsibility of the individual. As a fundamental problem, the author cites the system of production - capitalism, which tries to make the most of the last resource of the Earth. However, not only does such a system exploit nature, it does so with humans – it exploits them, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. The solution to the problems of patents, biopiracy, neocolonialism, climate change, exploitation, etc. will not be reached until there is a change in the system.