Although defined as a symbolic representation of selected features of an area, geographical maps are more than just a visual representation of information about geographical features. They are important evidence of our past, of geographical changes and the history of a certain territory. Therefore, the importance of preserving and protecting them is unquestionable. Although the ways of displaying and accessing geographical data are changing in the digital age, the physical preservation of geographical maps is extremely important because it contributes to the preservation of history and culture. Motivation to write a paper on the topic of geographical maps arose during the internship at the undergraduate level. During the visit to the archive, great attention was paid to material such as photographs, important contracts, manuscripts, etc. Geographical maps, although very important, were mentioned only when passing by a large drawer in which they were closed. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to clarify the importance of geographical maps and their role in our development and to explain how geographical maps can be preserved and protected so that generations behind us can witness changes through historical periods. The introductory part of the paper will explain the history of geographical maps and their importance within the archives as a whole. Furthermore, aspects of physical preservation of geographical maps such as ideal temperature, humidity and methods of preventive protection against external influences, etc. will be elaborated. The process of digitization of geographical maps and its importance for protection of original copies will be explained. The research part of the paper will compare the collections of maps of the Croatian State Archives and the State Archives in Zadar according to set criteria such as the scope of the collection, methods of preservation, etc. The aim of the research part is to provide insight into state of the maps and ways they are preserved and protected in croatian archives.