In Croatian phraseology, until recently, there has not been a systematic research of gender elements in idioms. Gender has remained almost entirely outside the scope of research interest of Croatian phraseologists. In order to fill this gap in the linguistic study of gender, extensive research was conducted into gender-marked idioms, which is presented in this paper. The research included gender-marked idioms of the Croatian language in comparison with Russian idioms as an attempt to show how gender stereotypes appear on the phraseological level in Croatian and Russian and how the concepts of MASCULINITY and FEMININITY are formed in the two languages by using phraseological mechanisms. The results of the research have shown how gender is generally conceptualized as a socio-cultural category and how the concepts of ‘man’ and ‘woman’ are created on established images and stereotypes inherent in the phraseology of these two related languages and cultures that use them. Furthermore, the research has confirmed the assumption of the dominant similarity between the conceptualization of ‘woman’ and ‘man’ in the Croatian and Russian androcentric oriented culture as reflected in phraseology and has shown insignificant differences, conditioned by specific national and cultural stereotypes and the established notions of the gender roles among individuals of both sexes.