This thesis examines and compares the emergence, formation, and development of the national discourse in Croatia and Scotland during the 14th century. The formation of Croatian and Scottish national identity is examined within the analytical framework created on the basis of the theoretical assumptions of Anthony Smith, Susan Reynolds, and Caspar Hirschi. The analysis focuses on the internal and external factors that influenced the emergence and/or strengthening of the Croatian and Scottish national self-image in the 14th century. Accordingly, the role played by the social elites (rulers, nobility, and Church) in shaping the national discourse in the respective socio-political contexts is examined in both kingdoms. In addition, the role played in shaping Croatian and Scottish national discourse by the communities considered by the Croats and Scots of the time to be the greatest threat to their “national” interests (Hungary and England) will also be analyzed. Finally, relevant sources for national discourse in both kingdoms are considered. From these sources, information about some important aspects of the respective nations will be extracted and compared. Based on this information, we can see what ideas the authors of these sources, and most likely the members of the elites of both kingdoms, had about their nation.