Neolithization was a process of transition from hunting and gathering to a sedentary way of life characterised mainly by food production. The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic occurred first and foremost in the Near East, from where it spread to the European continent. The spread of the Neolithic was a complex process, the explanation of which has provoked a major debate in European historiography. On one side, historians try to link massive migrations from the East with the emergence of neolithic way of life on European localities. On the one hand, main credit for food production and plant cultivation is given to autonomous communities. Despite these two main conceptual schools of thought, there are many other ideas and models about the Neolithic transition that have appeared in scholarly papers over the last hundred years. The evolution of historical perception of the human past has changed tremendously since the 19th century and is one of the most written about topics in prehistory books and articles. Largely due to technological advances in archaeological research, theories of prehistoric concepts have also changed rapidly, producing a comprehensive catalogue of scientific literature whose main goal is to decipher the complex question of how the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture occurred. Given is the summary of academic thought concerning the neolithization of Europe. Similar conceptual changes are applicable to the area of the eastern Adriatic coast, which played an important role in the entire process because of its geographical position. Many academic papers have tried to resolve the same question, but specifically for the eastern Adriatic coast. Even though the ideas are similar to the rest of Europe, unique features of eastern Adriatic have resulted in appropriate models and ideas that have fueled the neolithization debate of the same connotations as the one that started with Gordon Childe and has remained unanswered ever since.