| Abstract | Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati govornu fluentnost predsjedničkih kandidata Nedjeljka Babića, Ante Đapića, Kolinde Grabar-Kitarović, Dejana Kovača i Zorana Milanovića na izborima 2020. godine. Uz deskriptivnu analizu autorice, provedeno je istraživanje percepcije govorne fluentnosti govornika. Svoje je procjene dalo 94 ispitanica i 11 ispitanika studija fonetike na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, dobnog raspona od 18 do 29 godina. U istraživanju je korišten Upitnik percepcije govorne fluentnosti, a analizirani su govori iz sučeljavanja emitiranog na HRT-u uoči izbora. Sve su analize provedene na 2 snimke po govorniku, trajanja ukupno 2 minute. Analizom je utvrđen umjeren tempo govora za sve govornike, osim brzog tempa jednog Kovačevog govora. Govorna je glatkoća u svim govorima ocijenjena kao loša, osim govora Milanovića čija je fluentnost izvrsna. Kandidati su koristili sve analizirane pogreške u govoru, a najčešće su to bile poštapalice dakle, znači, jednostavno, (pa) gledajte, (ono) što je najvažnije, ajmo reći i upravo. Neutralni je samoglasnik [ə] najčešće koristio Đapić, dok su se Babić i Kovač najčešće samoispravljali. Stanke prekida govora uočene su jedino u Kovačevom govoru. Ispitanici su govor Milanovića percipirali kao najviše fluentnim, a kriterij za ostale govornike bio je blaži nego autoričin. Dobivena je statistički značajna povezanost između ukupnog broja korištenih disfluentnosti i percepcije govorne fluentnosti. Dobivena je statistički značajna povezanost između trajanja neutralnog samoglasnika [ə] i percepcije govorne fluentnosti, kao i trajanja udisajnih stanki i percepcije govorne fluentnosti. Dobivena je statistički značajna povezanost između percipirane fluentnosti i percipirane brzine u govoru Grabar-Kitarović, dok za ostale govore nije dobivena statistički značajna povezanost. Govorna je fluentnost bitna je u svim govornim situacijama, a posebice u javnome govoru. Upravo bi zato temu govorne fluentnosti bilo poželjno uvrstiti i u osnovnoškolske i u srednjoškolske obrazovne programe. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of this research was to examine speech fluency of presidential candidates Nedjeljko Babic, Ante Djapic, Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic, Dejan Kovac, and Zoran Milanovic in the 2020 election. In addition to the descriptive analysis by the author, a perception study of the speakers' fluency was conducted. 94 female participants and 11 participants from the phonetics program at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, aged between 18 and 29, provided their evaluations. The Perception of Speaking Fluency Questionnaire was used in the study, and the speeches from the HRT televised debate before the election were analyzed. All analyses were conducted on two recordings per speaker, with a total duration of 2 minutes. A moderate speech tempo was found for all speakers except for one of Kovac's speeches, which was fast-paced. The speech fluency was rated as poor for all speeches except for Milanovic's, whose fluency was excellent. All candidates used all the analyzed speech errors, with the most common ones being fillers such as "um", "you know", "simply", "(well) look", "what is most important", "let's say" and "exactly". Djapic used the neutral vowel [ə] the most frequently, while Babic and Kovac self-corrected most frequently. Speech pauses were only observed in Kovac's speech. Subjects perceived Milanovic's speech as the most fluent, while their evaluations of the other speakers were less strict than those of the author. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between the total number of used disfluencies and the perception of speech fluency. Additionally, a statistically significant correlation was found between the duration of the neutral vowel [ə] and the perception of speech fluency, as well as between the duration of inhalation pauses and the perception of speech fluency. A statistically significant correlation was found between the perceived fluency and the perceived speed of Grabar-Kitarovic's speech, while no statistically significant correlation was found for the other speeches. Speech fluency is important in all areas of life, especially in public speaking. Further research is needed with the control of previous methodological deficiencies to raise awareness of its importance and apply the findings successfully in public speaking schools and, preferably, formal educational programs. |
