Title Određivanje toksičnosti mikroplastike
Title (english) Determination of microplastics toxicity
Author Kristina Bule
Mentor Dajana Kučić Grgić (mentor)
Mentor Tvrtko Smital (komentor)
Committee member Dajana Kučić Grgić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Šime Ukić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Zagreb
Defense date and country 2020-07-03, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Chemical Engineering
Abstract Onečišćenje vodenih ekosustava plastikom veličine čestica < 5 mm, odnosno mikroplastikom (MP), postaje problem na globalnoj razini. MP-e predstavlja prijetnju za vodene organizme, ali i druge organizme zbog mogućnosti prijenosa kroz trofičke razine. U ovome radu provela su se toksikološka ispitivanja utjecaja MP-a na tri organizma s ciljem utvrđivanja štetnosti MP-a na iste. Mikroalga Chlorella sp. izlagala se različitim koncentracijama i veličinama čestica polietilena (PE), polipropilena (PP), polistirena (PS), poli(vinil-klorida) (PVC) i poli(etilen-tereftalata) (PET), dok su se bakterija Vibrio fischeri i embriji zebrica Danio rerio izlagali različitim koncentracijama i veličinama PS-a. Chlorella sp. se izlagala veličinama čestica MP-a 500 – 1000 i >1000 µm pri koncentracijama 10; 25; 50 i 100 mg/L. Najveća inhibicija rasta Chlorella sp. (5,01 %) primijećena je za PS veličine čestica >1000 µm pri koncentraciji 100 mg/L. S obzirom na neznačajnu razliku između vrijednosti inhibicija rasta alge za ispitivane veličine čestica MP-a, u drugom dijelu pokusa alga se izlagala manjim veličinama čestica <300; 300 – 500 i 600 – 710 µm i koncentracijama 10; 500 i 1000 mg/L. Ispitivan je utjecaj parametara procesa (prosječne veličine čestica i koncentracija MP-a) na toksični utjecaj MP-a na slatkovodnu algu. Korištenjem kombinacije punog faktorskog plana i metode odzivnih površina (engl. Response Surface modeling, RSM) utvrđeni su uvjeti pri kojima je maksimalna inhibicija rasta alge prilikom izlaganja PE-u (8,62 %) pri koncentraciji od 500 mg/L i najmanjoj veličini čestica <300 μm. Prema dobivenim rezultatima može se zaključiti da koncentracija čestica ima veći utjecaj na inhibiciju algi od veličine čestica. Bakterija Vibrio fischeri izlagala se PS-u veličine čestica 0,43 i 0,25 µm i koncentracijama od 0,0001 do 1000 mg/L, a pratila se inhibicija luminiscencije. Inhibicija se povećavala sa smanjenjem veličine čestica i povećanjem koncentracije. Embriji zebrica izlagali su se veličinama PS-a 0,43; 0,25 i 0,12 µm i koncentracijama između 0,0001 i 10 g/L. Prvi učinak na embrije izazvala je veličina čestica 0,12 µm i koncentracija od 0,1 g/L. Ova veličina čestica uzrokovala je i prvu 100 %-tnu smrtnost embrija pri koncentraciji 6 g/L. Prema dobivenim rezultatima zaključeno je da toksičan utjecaj na ispitivane organizme ovisi o veličini, koncentraciji i vrsti MP-a.
Abstract (english) Pollution of aquatic ecosystems by plastics with a particle sizes < 5 mm, or microplastics (MP), is becoming a global problem. MP possesses a threat to aquatic organisms, but also to other organisms due to the possibility of transmission through trophic levels. In this paper, toxicological studies of the effect of MP on three organisms were performed in order to determine the harmful effect of MP on them. Microalgae Chlorella sp. was exposed to different concentrations and particle sizes of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly(vinyl-chloride) (PVC) and poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET). The bacterium Vibrio fischeri and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to different concentrations and sizes of PS. Chlorella sp. was exposed to particle sizes of 500 – 1000 and >1000 µm and concentrations of 10; 25; 50 and 100 mg/L. The greatest inhibition of growth of Chlorella sp. (5.01 %) was caused by PS particle sizes >1000 µm and concentrations of 100 mg/L, respectively. Due to the not so significant difference between the values of algae growth inhibition for the tested MP particle sizes, in the second part of the experiment the algae was exposed to smaller particle sizes <300; 300 – 500 and 600 – 710 µm and concentrations 10; 500 and 1000 mg/L. The influence of process parameters (average particle sizes and MP concentrations) on the toxic effect of MP on freshwater algae was investigated. Using a combination of the full factorial plan and the response surface method (RSM), conditions were determined in which the maximum inhibition of algal growth during exposure to PE (8.62 %) was determined at a concentration of 500 mg/L and particle sizes <300 μm. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the concentration of particles has a greater influence on the inhibition of algae than the sizes of the particles. Vibrio fischeri was exposed to PS particle sizes of 0.43 and 0.25 μm and concentrations from 0.0001 to 1000 mg / L, and inhibition of luminescence was monitored. Inhibition increased with decreasing particle sizes and increasing concentrations. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to PS sizes of 0.43; 0.25 and 0.12 µm and concentrations between 0.0001 and 10 g/L. The first effect on embryos was caused by particle size of 0.12 µm and a concentration of 0.1 g/L. This particle size also caused the first 100 % mortality of the embryos at a concentration of 6 g/L. It was concluded that the toxic effect on the tested organisms depends on the size, concentration and type of MP.
Keywords
mikroplastika
ekotoksičnost
Chlorella sp.
Vibrio fischeri
Danio rerio
Keywords (english)
microplastic
ecotoxicity
Chlorella sp.
Vibrio fischeri
Danio rerio
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:713252
Project Number: IP-2019-04-9661 Title: Primjena naprednih tehnologija obrade voda za uklanjanje mikroplastike Title: Advanced Water Treatment Technologies for Microplastics Removal Acronym: AdWaTMiR Leader: Tomislav Bolanča Jurisdiction: Croatia Funder: HRZZ Funding stream: IP
Study programme Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
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Created on 2022-02-28 18:16:06