The massive use of plastics and inadequate disposal of plastics waste have led to the accumulation of plastics in the environment. In addition to large pieces of plastics, problems are also caused by small, hard to detect microplastic pasticles, witch are considered one of the main polluters of rivers, seas, soil, and sediment. It is precisely the wide occurrence of microplastics in the environment that led to its entry into the biogeochemical cycle and food chain with harmful consequences for human health. The apperance of microplastics in the sesas was one of the first incentives to start researching microplastics in the environment, and the smaller number of available studies on microplastics in the soil leavs a lot of space for further researcs in this area. The approach to microplastics research should be thorough and comperhensive, and the use of still non-standardized methods leads to results that can not be compared. Research on microplastics in soil and sediment inolves determing the location, collecting samples, isolating microplastics from soil and sediment, purifying microplastic particles and obtaining the chemical composition of the isolated particles. This paper provides a literature review of qualitative analytical methods for the detection and identification of microplastics from soil and sediment. In order to obtain representative results, the step of proper sampling is important, and the most frequently used methods of sample collection are selective and colective sampling and the collection of samples of reduced volume. The collected samples are separeted from soil and sediment particles, purified and visually identified and sorted. Visual identicifation includes observation with the naked eye, microscopes, and staining, and particles are sorted by source and type of polimer and physical characteristics, such as shape and color. The detection od ficroplstics also involves obtaing the chemical composition of the collected polymer particles using the instrumental methods of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Thermal methods such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (pyr-GC/MS) are also used.