Synthetic polymers are materials that are most often used in the 3D printing process. The increasing use of these polymers contributes to the trend of increasing waste produced in the world. In order to reduce waste production, alternative, biodegradable materials that can be applied in 3D printing are being researched. In this research, filaments for fused deposition modeling were prepared using hot melt extrusion, by processing biodegradable polymer granules of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). The influence of extrusion conditions and composition of polymer blends on the quality of the obtained filament was examined. It was found that the best filament was the one with a mass ratio of PLA : PCL = 50 : 50, extruded at 160 °C and 10 RPM. Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxic nature of degradation products, polymeric materials based on PLA are often used for the production of various medical implants. In this research, swelling test was performed for pure PLA and for the mixtures of PLA and PCL. The obtained results show that with increasing the mass fraction of PCL in the filament, the swelling is slower. For the mixtures of PLA and PCL, tensile tests were performed. The effect of the addition of PCL to mechanical properties of the tested material was found. Based on the created CAD model, a bioresorbable stent, consisting of a selected PLA-PCL filament and a filament in which the active substance (dronedarone hydrochloride) was embedded, was printed. In vitro studies were performed. The results suggest that the dissolution of the filament that contains the active substance will take several days, while the basic structure of the stent made from PLA-PCL filament will provide support to the blood vessel wall for a longer period of time. This research has proven that by choosing the appropriate process conditions and the composition of polymer mixtures, filaments suitable for fused deposition modeling can be prepared from polymer granules. Considering the properties of the obtained material, its possible application in medical implants, more specifically for the creation of a personalized stent, was demonstrated.