Chemistry, physics and mathematics, branches of natural science, have existed since ancient times. Their fields of interest have been independent and separate until the development of science and technology led to an overlap. This allowed approaching and solving the problem not only from the perspective of a single science but also from the viewpoint of at least two branches of science. Nowadays, the development of future science is steered by phrases such as sustainable, green and natural. Therefore, many industries follow the principle of sustainable development and focus on the application of substances and materials which do not harm the environment. One of the examples includes biocatalytic processes. This work provides a detailed description of enzymes, their classification and nomenclature, kinetics, advantages and disadvantages and their use in catalysis. This work also discusses the reactors in which biocatalytic processes occur. Furthermore, the application of environmentally sustainable and natural catalysts in biocatalytic processes is also described. Moreover, an overview of the use of mathematical models in chemical processes which are catalysed with a biocatalyst is included. A developed mathematical model can determine and predict the behaviour of substances included in the reaction which makes this approach particularly interesting.