Microbiological corrosion is a type of corrosion that has been researched more and more over the years because it has been noticed that the occurrence of microbiological corrosion is increasingly observed in various industries and economic branches and that great costs are incurred by its occurrence. Therefore, as much research as possible is conducted so that it can be described in as much detail as possible. The introductory part of this paper provides brief information on where microbiological corrosion has been recorded, what are its causes and what types of corrosion it can cause. In the general part, definitions of microbiological corrosion are given, a brief historical overview of previous research is given, division of microorganisms is given and it’s demonstrated that sulfate-reducing bacteria are the most significant causes of this type of corrosion, the process of biofilm formation as well as its role is given and the proposed mechanisms of microbiological corrosion so far are presented. In the overview part, techniques for detecting microbiological corrosion and techniques that inhibit corrosion are presented. The latest mechanisms of microbiological corrosion are also presented, as well as the latest research that seeks to explain the mechanisms of corrosion caused by individual microorganisms. The newest mechanisms of microbiological corrosion include extracellular electron transfer(EET), metabolite microbiologically influenced corrosion(M-MIC), catalyzed cathodic depolarization, and accelerated low water corrosion (ALWC).