| Abstract | Eterična ulja se koriste kroz cijelu povijest civilizacije. Afinitet ljudi prema korištenju i konzumiranju prirodnih proizvoda rezultiralo je porastom korištenja eteričnih ulja u prehrambenoj i kozmetičkoj industriji te industriji parfema. Zbog svojih ljekovitih svojstavačesto se koriste u medicini i farmaceutskoj industriji. Sastav eteričnih ulja ovisi o nadmorskoj visini, geografskom položaju i svjetlosti. Na sastav utječe i berba biljne sirovine. U ovom radu ispitivao se kemijski sastav i antimikrobna aktivnost uzoraka eteričnih ulja, biljnih sirovina s otoka Brača i iz Zagreba, dobivenih hidrodestilacijom. Eterična ulja ekstrahirana su iz alepskog bora (Pinus halepensis Miller), čempresa (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis), piramidalnog čempresa (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. pyramidalis) i gluhača (Juniperus phoenicea). Provedena je karakterizacija uzoraka tankoslojnom kromatografijom, sustavom plinska kromatografija- spektrometrija masa te infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom. Glavne sastavnice u uzorcima eteričnih ulja su: β-kariofilen (54,64%), α-humulen (11,18%) u alepskom boru (Pinus halepensis Miller); α-pinen (H: 36,42%, V: 32,81-36,86%), δ-karen (H: 25,53%, V: 17,94-18%), α-cedrol (10,54%) u čempresu i piramidalnom čempresu te α-pinen (49,08%), β-felandren (21,65%), Germakren D (27,01%) u gluhaču. Antimikrobna aktivnost testirana je na kulturi gram-pozitivne bakterije (B. subtilis), gram-negativnih bakterija (E. coli i P. aeruginosa) te na kvascu (C. lipolytica). |
| Abstract (english) | Essential oils have been used throughout the history of civilization. People's affinity for the use and consumption of natural products has increased the use of essential oils in the food, cosmetics and perfume industry. Due to their medicinal properties, they are often used in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. The composition of essential oils depends on altitude, geographical location and light. The composition is also affected by the harvest of plant material. In this paper, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of samples of essential oils were tested. Plant materials were collected from the island of Brač and from Zagreb, and the essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were extracted from aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Miller), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens var. Horizontalis), pyramidal cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. Pyramidalis) and phoenicean juniper (Juniperus phoenicea). Characterization of the samples was performed by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform. The main constituents in the samples of essential oils are: β-caryophyllene (54.64%), α-humulene (11.18%) in aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Miller); α-pinene (H: 36.42%, V: 32.81-36.86%), δ-karen (H: 25.53%, V: 17.94-18%), α-cedrol (10, 54%) in cypress and pyramidal cypress and α-pinene (49.08%), β-phelandrene (21.65%), Germacren D (27.01%) in phoenicean juniper. Antimicrobial activity was tested on a culture of gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis), gram-negative bacterias (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and on yeast (C. lipolytica). |
