World plastic production currently stands at about 350 millions of tons per year. With the high increase in the production of plastic materials, the share of plastic waste in the environment is also growing. By producing small plastic particles and crushing larger pieces, plastics enter the environment in the form of microplastics. Due to its extremely small dimensions and the prevalence of plastic waste, microplastics can be found all around the world, in the seas and oceans, in the atmosphere and soil, and even in sediment.Microplastics have a negative impact on flora and fauna, and due to the possibility of bioaccumulation it can reach the human body where it can potentially do damage by releasing toxic substances that are often adsorbed on the surface of small particles. Removing microplastics from the environment is an extremely difficult task, because of its size, it often passes through various purification filters, and for this reason biodegradation is one of the potential solutions to today's problems. Biodegradation is a natural process in which microorganisms (bacteria, moulds, yeasts and their enzymes) use organic substances as a food source and translate it into simpler compounds, water, CO2 and mineral salts. The process of degradation by microorganisms is achieved by various enzymatic activities and bond breaking in macromolecules. So far, several types of microorganisms that have the ability to biodegrade synthetic polymer compounds have been investigated. Biodegradation largely depends on not only the properties of the polymer compounds but on the type of microorganisms that degrade it and the optimal conditions in which it is carried out. For this reason, biodegradation of microplastics in soil and landfills is somewhat possible, but the problem occurs with biodegradation in seas and oceans and drinking water systems. This paper will provide a literature overview of the existence of microplastics in various ecosystems as well as the possibility of its biodegradation in the environment.