The presence of foreign compounds (xenobiotics) in the environment can badly affect the entire ecosystem. One group of such compounds are pharmaceuticals, which belong to "new pollutants" because they have not been given much importance so far as potential environmental pollutants. Very little is known about their environmental behavior and fate. Some literature data have shown that the impact of pharmaceuticals has been tested on various environmental samples, such as water, sludge and soil, and in this experiment the impact of pharmaceuticals has been tested on sediment. The sediment has not previously been contaminated by pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals extracted from sediment sample belong to different drug classes: antibiotics (cefdinir, nitrofurantoin), antiemetics (metoclopramide), antihelmintics (albendazole, febantel, praziquantel) and chemoterapeutic agents (hydroxychloroquine). Extraction methods were used to isolate the aforementioned pharmaceuticals from the sediment sample because they are fast, simple and use small amount of sample and solvents. Ultrasound extraction (USE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) were optimized. Some of the parameters that have been optimized are sediment sample mass, type of extraction solvent and type of reconstruction solvent. The analysis of the extracts obtained was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) to identify mentioned pharmaceuticals.