Cellulose is one of the most common carbon compounds in nature. It is generated by biosynthesis and classified into natural polymer. Regarding to biocompatibility and renewability, it is considered as an alternative to nonbiodegradable polymer based on the fossil fuels. As the natural polymer it has a variety of usage fields such as adhesive, cosmetics, drugs etc. This paper contains review of previous acknowledges about structure and composition of cellulose. Therefore, it contains an analysis of a few different materials: cellugel, cellophane, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and cotton. Structure analysis has been performed through FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and thermal properties have been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR analysis established the structure of cellulose and high hydrophilicity of HPC, cellugel, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and cotton samples based on adsorbed water vibrations. The lack of bands corresponding to adsorbed water in cellophane sample indicates a hydrophobic surface. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determined the smallest thermal stability of cellugel and high stability of cellophane. Improvement in thermal stability of cellophane is the result of modification of cellophane surface with suitable polymer. High level of residue after the thermal degradation in HPC and cellugel correspond to presence of inorganic components. DSC analysis showed the substantial differences in the structure of observed cellulose materials. In cellugel, HPC and Na-CMC samples a high level of hydrophilicity surface was determined regarding to the specific structure. In the cellophane sample, an additional component by which cellophane was treated is found, most probably polypropylene.