| Abstract | Pojam balzam izvorno se odnosio na formulacije s ljekovitim učincima, a termin je doživio niz promjena tijekom stoljeća. Korišteni su od davnina za mumificiranje, a u hrvatskoj povijesti balzama ističu se Thierryev balzam i Melem. Balzami se upotrebljavaju u tehnici, medicini, farmaciji, parfumeriji, umjetnosti. U ovom radu opisani su odabrani najstariji balzami (peruanski balzam, jeruzalemski balzam, toluanski balzam, kanadski balzam i kopaiva balzam) te balzami često korišteni u današnje vrijeme (balzam za usne, balzam za bolove, balzam za opekline i rane, balzam protiv starenja, balzam ljekovitog matičnjaka i balzam za mrlje). Najčešće korištena vrsta balzama u svijetu je balzam za usne. U formulaciji balzama kao bazni sastojci često se koriste: ulja, masti i voskovi, a mogu sadržavati i razne dodatne sastojke poput macerata, ekstrakata, vitamina, hijaluronske kiseline, meda itd.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada napravljeno je šest balzama za sunčanje te šest balzama za masažu i smanjenje bolova. Razlikuju se prema korištenim sastojcima te njihovim udjelima. Svakom je balzamu određen pH, organoleptička svojstva (boja, miris i izgled) i napravljen test razmaza. |
| Abstract (english) | The term balm originally referred to a formulations with medicinal effects, and the term has undergone several changes over the centuries. Balms have been used for mummification since ancient times, and in the Croatian history of balsams, Thierry's balsam and Melem stand out. Balms are used in technology, medicine, pharmacy, perfumery and art. This paper describes selected oldest balms (Peruvian balsam, Jerusalem balsam, Toluan balsam, Canadian balsam and Copaiva balsam) and balsams commonly used today (lip balm, pain balm, burn and wound balm, anti-ageing balm, lemon balm and skin blemish balm). The most commonly used type of balm in the world is lip balm. In the formulation of balms, the following ingredients are often used as a base ingredients: Oils, fats and waxes, and they may also contain various additional ingredients such as macerates, extracts, vitamins, hyaluronic acid, honey, etc. In the experimental part, six tanning balms and six balms for massage and pain relief were prepared. They differ in terms of the ingredients used and their proportions.
The pH and organoleptic properties (colour, odour and appearance) of each balm were determined, and a smear test was performed. |
