Title Biorazgradnja imidakloprida u otvorenoj kompostnoj hrpi Title (english) Biodegradation of imidacloprid in an open compost pile Author Željko Herner Mentor Felicita Briški (mentor)Committee member Bruno Zelić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Dajana Kučić Grgić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Renata Bažok (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2017-02-10, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Universal decimal classificationUDC ) 66 - Chemical technology. Chemical and related industries 502/504 - Environmental science. Conservation of natural resources. Threats to the environment and protection against them Abstract Ubrzani razvoj poljoprivrede stvorio je potrebu za sve većom primjenom pesticida čije nakupljanje u tlu predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost za zdravlje čovjeka i za okoliš. Imidakloprid [1-(6-kloro-3-piridilmetil)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ilidenamin], zbog svoje učinkovitosti predstavlja rizik za korisne organizme u okolišu te je iznimno značajno utvrditi biopotencijal procesa kompostiranja na stupanj i brzinu njegove razgradnje. Utjecaj procesa kompostiranja na razgradnju pesticida u biorazgradljivom materijalu, u Hrvatskoj, je nedovoljno istraženo područje te je potaknulo izradu ovog rada pri čemu je kao modelni pesticid korišten imidakloprid. U radu je istraživana dinamika biorazgradnje i vrijeme poluraspada imidakloprida u otvorenim kompostnim hrpama te u zatvorenom reaktorskom sustavu. Kao ispitni materijal korišten je insekticid BOXER 200 SL. U pripremi pokusa provedenih u otvorenom sustavu postavljeno je pet kompostnih hrpa. Dvije kompostne hrpe su bile prisilno prozračivane, a dvije su bile u anoksičnim uvjetima. Peta hrpa je pasivno prozračivana. U kompostni materijal (u dvije hrpe) dodana je bakterijska kultura Pseudomonas aeruginosa FN koja je korištena i u pokusima provedenim u zatvorenom reaktorskom sustavu. Biorazgradnja u otvorenim kompostnim hrpama praćena je 56 dana (osam tjedana), a u uatvorenom sustavu 21 dan (tri tjedna). Vrijednosti konstante razgradnje imidakloprida (kd) u pokusima kompostiranja u otvorenom i zatvorenom sustavu kretale su se između 0,014 ± 0,003 mg kg^-1 d^-1 0,028 ± 0,003 mg kg^-1 d^-1, odnosno 0,135 ± 0,016 mg kg^-1 d^-1. Prema dobivenim rezultatima najviše imidakloprida razgradilo se u pokusu s prisilnim prozračivanjem i dodatkom bakterijske kulture Pseudomonas aeruginosa FN. U zatvorenom sustavu, razgradnja imidakloprida odvijala se približno pet puta brže nego u otvorenoj kompostnoj hrpi, odnosno vrijeme poluraspada imidakloprida iznosilo je 5,13 dana. Biorazgradnja imidakloprida u kompostnom materijalu slijedila je kinetiku prvog reda.
Abstract (english) The rapid development of agriculture has resulted in the increasing use of pesticides, whose accumulation in the soil poses a potential danger to both human health and the environment. Imidacloprid [1-(6-Chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneaminedue] is very effective insecticide but at the same time it is a risk for beneficial organisms in environment so it is very important to determine biopotential of composting process in dynamics and rate of degradation of imidacloprid. Inadequate research on composting effect on pesticide biodegradation in Croatia had motivated doctoral thesis in this work. The aim of this reasrch is to investigate the dynamics of biodegradation and the half-life time of imidacloprid in an open compost piles and in a closed reactor system. A plant protection product BOXER 200 SL was used as the test material. Five piles were prepared. Two piles were actively aerated, while two piles were maintained in anoxic conditions. Last pile was passively aerated. In two composting (under aerobic and anoxic condition) piles was added bacterial culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa FN, which is also added in the experiment in a closed column reactor. The composting process in an open pile and in a closed column reactors was conducted 56 days (eight weeks), and 21 days (three weeks) respectively. The constant degradation rates in open piles ranged from 0.014 mg kg^-1 d^-1 to 0.028 mg kg^-1 d^-1 and 0.135±0,016 mg kg^-1 d^-1 in a closed reactor. According to obtained results the most imidacloprid degraded in an open pile with forced aeration (65 % of initial concentration) and added Pseudomonas aeruginosa FN. Degradation of imidacloprid in a closed column reactor was five times faster than in open piles and half-life of imidacloprid reached 5.13 days after the beginning of the process. Biodegradation of imidacloprid in compost followed the first order kinetics reaction.
Keywords
imidakloprid
kompostiranje
dinamika razgradnje
aerobni i anoksični uvjeti
Pseudomonas aeruginosa FN
Keywords (english)
imidacloprid
composting
dynamic of degradation
aerobic and anoxic condition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa FN
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:157994 Promotion 2017 Study programme Title: Engineering Chemistry - Doctoral Course Type of resource Text Extent 96 str. ; 30 cm File origin Born digital Access conditions Closed access Terms of use Created on 2023-12-06 14:30:12
