Title Reaction engineering aided synthesis of sialic acids
Title (croatian) Sinteza sijalinskih kiselina potpomognuta reakcijskim inženjerstvom
Author Mehmet Mervan Çakar
Mentor Zvjezdana Findrik Blažević (mentor)
Mentor Pere Clapés https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-4794 (mentor)
Committee member Martina Sudar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Marija Vuković Domanovac (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivan Krešimir Svetec (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Zagreb
Defense date and country 2024-12-06, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Chemical Engineering Reaction Engineering
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 66 - Chemical technology. Chemical and related industries 577 - Biochemistry. Molecular biology. Biophysics
Abstract This dissertation explores the enzymatic synthesis of sialic acids, particularly Nacetylneuraminic acid and its analogs, by employing sialic acid synthases
N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase from Neisseria meningitidis (NmNeuS) and putative
N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase homolog 5 (PNH5) from Prozomix. Recognizing the limitations of traditional chemical synthesis methods, which often involve environmentally toxic processes and limited scalability, this research investigates biocatalysis as a sustainable alternative. Through rigorous screening of metagenomic enzyme libraries, NmNeuS and PNH5 were identified as key biocatalysts, with each enzyme showing distinct catalytic properties: NmNeuS demonstrated broad substrate tolerance and high efficiency with monosaccharides, notably N-acetyl mannosamine, positioning it as a strong candidate for large-scale sialic acid production. In contrast, PNH5 exhibited a narrower substrate scope limited specificity and activity with monosaccharides, making it suitable for targeted applications with the potential for enhancement through reaction and enzyme engineering. Furthermore, this study examined promiscuous aldol addition reactions catalyzed by
3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase and 3-deoxy-8-phosphooctulonate synthase enzymes, highlighting their capacity for C–C bond formation with a range of aromatic aldehydes. The substantial substrate promiscuity of these enzymes, coupled with their high substrate conversions to select substrates such as benzyloxyacetaldehyde, underscores their utility in synthesizing complex chiral intermediates with potential pharmaceutical applications. Optimization of solvent systems, particularly through DMF concentration adjustments, was shown to significantly influence enzyme activity, marking an important step in fine-tuning reaction conditions for higher yields and improved enantioselectivity. A robust mathematical modeling approach underpinned the reaction engineering strategies in this work, facilitating kinetic parameter estimation and enabling reaction optimization to enhance enzyme performance across various conditions. By integrating these models with experimental data, this research successfully scaled up Neu5Ac synthesis, demonstrating the practical feasibility of biocatalysis for industrial applications. The findings from this dissertation advance the potential for sustainable biocatalytic synthesis of sialic acids and derivatives, paving the way for their application in antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer therapies.
Abstract (croatian) Ovaj doktorski rad istražuje enzimsku sintezu sijalinskih kiselina, posebno Nacetilneuraminske kiseline (Neu5Ac) i njezinih analoga, primjenom sintaza sijalinske kiseline iz mikroorganizma Neisseria meningitidis (NmNeuS) i homologa sintaze sijalinskih kiselina br. 5 (PNH5) dobivenog od Prozomix-a. Uzimajući u obzir ograničenja tradicionalnih metoda kemijske sinteze, koje često uključuju procese štetne za okoliš i ograničenu primjenu, u ovom radu istražuje se biokataliza kao održiva alternativa. Kroz pretraživanje metagenomskih zbirki enzima, NmNeuS i PNH5 identificirani su kao ključni biokatalizatori, pri čemu je svaki enzim pokazao različita katalitička svojstva: NmNeuS je pokazao široku toleranciju na supstrate i visoku učinkovitost s monosaharidima, posebno s N-acetilmanozaminom, što ga čini dobrim kandidatom za proizvodnju Neu5Ac-a u uvećanom mjerilu. Suprotno tome, PNH5 je pokazao uži spektar supstrata, s većom specifičnošću prema heksozama, ali ograničenom aktivnošću prema monosaharidima, što ga čini prikladnim za ciljane primjene s potencijalom za poboljšanje kroz enzimsko inženjerstvo. Nadalje, u ovom istraživanju ispitane su i aldolne adicije katalizirane enzimima 3-deoksi-7-fosfoheptulonat-sintazom i
3-deoksi-7-fosfoheptulonat-sintazom, naglašavajući njihovu sposobnost stvaranja C–C veza s nizom aromatskih aldehida. Značajna promiskuitetnost supstrata kod ovih enzima, u kombinaciji s visokim konverzijama kod odabranih supstrata poput benziloksiacetaldehida, naglašava njihovu korisnost u sintezi složenih kiralnih intermedijera s potencijalnom farmaceutskom primjenom. Optimizacija reakcijskog medija, posebno kroz prilagodbu koncentracije DMF-a, pokazala je značajan utjecaj na aktivnost enzima, čime je postignut važan korak u prilagodbi reakcijskih uvjeta za postizanje visokih iskorištenja i poboljšane enantioselektivnosti. Robustan pristup matematičkog modeliranja naglasio je strategije reakcijskog inženjerstva u ovom radu, olakšavajući procjenu kinetičkih parametara i omogućavajući optimizaciju reakcije za poboljšanje performansi enzima u različitim uvjetima. Validacijom modela na eksperimentalnim podacima, u ovom istraživanju uspješno je provedena sinteza Neu5Ac na uvećanom mjerilu, pokazujući praktičnu izvedivost biokatalize za industrijske primjene. Kinetički modeli ne samo da su usmjerili optimizaciju procesa za sintezu Neu5Ac već su uspostavili okvir primjenjiv i na druge biokatalitičke sustave. Rezultati ove disertacije unapređuju potencijal za održivu biokatalitičku sintezu sijalinskih kiselina i njihovih derivata, otvarajući put za njihovu potencijalnu primjenu u antivirusnim, antibakterijskim i antitumorskim terapijama.
Keywords
biocatalysis
mathematical modelling
sialic acids
Neu5Ac
reaction engineering
Keywords (croatian)
biokataliza
matematičko modeliranje
sijalinske kiseline
Neu5Ac
reakcijsko inženjerstvo
Language english
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:790147
Promotion 2024
Project Number: 956631 Title: C-C Bond Formation Using Top Performing Enzymes Acronym: C-C Top Leader: Zvjezdana Findrik Blažević Jurisdiction: eu Funder: Europska unija Funding stream: Horizon 2020
Study programme Title: Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry - Doctoral course Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti u području tehničkih znanosti (doktor/doktorica znanosti u području tehničkih znanosti)
Type of resource Text
Extent 157 str. ; 30 cm
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Embargoed access Embargo expiration date: 2026-12-15
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Created on 2024-12-09 09:02:18