| Abstract (croatian) | Elektronički nadzor specifičan je modalitet praćenja nad provođenjem alternativnih sankcija, odnosno nadzor nad mjerama opreza ili mjerama prisutnosti okrivljenika u postupku, način izvršenja kazne zatvora ili pak, per se, alternativa kazni zatvora. Unatoč širokom afirmativnom trendu upotrebe elektroničkog nadzora u raznim fazama kaznenog postupka, nisu ga prihvatile sve zapadnoeuropske zemlje, što sugerira da različite kulturne tradicije, ustavne konfiguracije i posebna nacionalna iskustva uvelike utječu na obrasce njegove provedbe. U pojedinim europskim jurisdikcijama koje primjenjuju elektronički nadzor postoje mnoge razlike u njegovoj implementaciji, ali s obzirom na njegovu zastupljenost, može se konstatirati da elektronički nadzor nije kvantitativno relevantna mjera. Također, unatoč predviđenom zakonodavnom okviru, pojedine zemlje nemaju praksu pribjegavanja navedenom modalitetu nadzora.
Ovaj rad ima za cilj analizirati i ocijeniti pristup elektroničkom nadzoru u pojedinim europskim zemljama raznim modalitetima njegove primjene u svim fazama kaznenog postupka. Primjenom teorijske metode analizirana je relevantna komparativna literatura u pogledu predmetne materije te se autorica referira na rezultate prijašnjih istraživanja koja su provedena u odnosu na razne aspekte elektroničkog nadzora i njegove korelacije s recidivizmom. Također, upotrebom normativne metode omogućen je uvid u zakonodavno uređenje predmetnog instituta, ali i u primjenu u praksi koja se kreće od mrtvog slova na papiru (npr. Hrvatska), preko normativne suzdržanosti (npr. Njemačka) do širokog dijapazona korištenja u raznim fazama kaznenog postupka i modifikacije primjene (npr. Engleska/Wales, Francuska, Belgija, Nizozemska). |
| Abstract (english) | Electronic surveillance is a specific modality of supervision over implementing alternative sanctions, i.e., supervision over precautionary measures or measures of the defendant's presence in the proceedings, the manner of execution of a prison sentence, or, per se, an alternative to imprisonment. Despite the broad affirmative trend of using electronic surveillance through various stages of criminal proceedings, it has not been accepted by all Western European countries, suggesting that different cultural traditions, constitutional configurations, and unique national experiences greatly influence its implementation patterns. There are many differences in its implementation in some European jurisdictions that apply electronic surveillance. Still, given its representation, it can be concluded that electronic surveillance is not a quantitatively relevant measure. Also, despite the envisaged legislative framework, some countries do not have the practice of resorting to this modality of supervision.
This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the approach to electronic surveillance in certain European countries through various modalities of its application in all phases of criminal proceedings. Applying the theoretical method, the relevant comparative literature on the subject matter is analyzed, and the author relies on the results of previous research conducted on various aspects of electronic surveillance and its correlation with recidivism. Also, the application of the normative method provides insight into the legislative regulation of the institute, but also the application in practice ranging from dead letter on paper (e.g., Croatia) through normative restraint (e.g., Germany) to a wide range of use through various stages of criminal proceedings and modifications of application (e.g., England / Wales, France, Belgium, the Netherlands). |
