The relationship between transport and tourism in a modern economy requires further research. Transport and tourism, as mutually interrelated phenomena, depend on one another, and the economic strategy of the Republic of Croatia places them among principal factors in the country’s economic development. The positive and negative effects of transport on tourism development are becoming more obvious and the two need to be harmonised on the basis of sustainable development, by preserving the human environment, which is the basis of Croatian tourism. The former transport policy of unequal development of the transport system, as a result of which road transport developed rapidly, in particular through the construction of transport infrastructure facilities, while other branches of transport stagnated, cannot ensure high-quality logistical support to tourism in the future. This paper provides a further contribution to research on the relationship between transport and tourism. The paper summarises the most important roles played by transport in tourism, analyses the relationship between individual modes of transport and tourism, and, on the basis of statistical data, analyses the perception of tourists visiting Croatia with regard to the role and quality of transport in their tourism activities. In conclusion, a brief overview of future trends in transport is provided through an analysis of the defined strategic lines of transport development as a function of Croatian tourism.