The simplicity and accessibility of using modern technologies for conducting psychological operations in interstate conflicts has led to a strong evolution of the information dimension of warfare. The increasing tendency of technological exploitation by third countries in psychological warfare represents a threat to the security of Western countries. The prevalence of psychological warfare in military conflicts is evident in the current Russia-Ukraine war; hence the goal of this paper was to closely consider potential changes in the psychological dimension of Russia's warfare against Ukraine from the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2014 to 2023. Due to the threat of information and psychological warfare flooding to Western countries, another aim of this paper was to describe the methodology of Western defense against Russian psychological operations and to determine challenges and problems in an attempt to defend against information operations and to strengthen resilience in a complex information and security environment. Using the case study methodology, this paper presents salient examples of Russian psychological operations in Ukraine from 2014 to 2023 with the intent of constructing a coherent description of Russian psychological warfare in Ukraine. The starting point of this paper is based on the theory of offensive realism; according to which great powers, capable of armed aggression and unsure of the intentions of other states, fight for their survival. Accordingly, this paper established that Russia adapted its psychological operations in reaction to the political strategies of Western countries. Faced with sanctions from the Western international community following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, as well as initial military failures and a lowered perception of its own security, Russia intensified its psychological warfare and directed it towards all parties involved. Until 2022, Russian psychological operations were mainly directed at the Russian population. The growth of Russian information power in the period from 2014 to 2022 prompted Western countries and international institutions to strengthen the institutional defense of information security by establishing a series of platforms aimed at countering various parts of the hybrid threat originating from Russia. The escalation of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022 clearly demonstrated the power that psychological operations have when channeled through social networks, exerting their influence on the perception and attitudes of people around the world. The results of this paper, therefore, suggest the importance of researching psychological operations while maintaining an unbiased attitude, given that psychological operations are a tool used to realize all countries' national interests.