The Kurds are inhabiting an inaccessible area of the Zagros and Taurus mountains which is considered their ethnic space called Kurdistan. Despite of vast number of the Kurdish people, their independent country does not exist and the territory of Kurdistan is divided by 4 different countries – Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria. The main purpose of this research was to discover the real reason why Kurds did not take an advantage of a historical opportunity to establish an independent country after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and to consider a possibility of establishing Kurdistan in the future. Because Kurds are traditionally divided into tribes and clans, later they have formed a modern idea of national consciousness and an affiliation to a single nation. Throughout 20th century the tribe structure was weakening, but the separation continues in the form of political dispute Kurdish political parties are having regarding goals and methods of solving the Kurdish question. Different attitudes Kurds have towards the unification of the Kurdish regions are making the idea of a common representation impossible. This research shows that international community is not keen on the idea of an independent country because it would only bring more destabilization to that specific region. Countries in the region will not allow a threat to their territorial integrity, but countries with great power are using the Kurds as a tool in exercising their own interests.