The paper contains an analysis of the system of government of Chechnya from the end of the Second Chechen War until 2018. In short, the study describes the first Chechen war, the interwar period and the period during the reign of Ahmad Kadyrov. The Emphasis is placed on the period after 2009 on the formal takeover of government by Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov. The paper simultaneously shows the relationship between Putin and Kadyrov, as well as the phenomenon of Chechenization. Kadyrov's relation to Islam and extremists is important for understanding the Chechen positions within the region and the Federation. Emphasis is placed on the study how the government formation, on the relationship between state institutions and authorities, as well as on the functioning of the political system as a whole (elections, human rights, laws). The process of political will, political decision-making and implementation, as well as the relationship between the government and the society of Chechnya is studied with a view with the aim understanding the functioning and action of the institutions, to understand the entire political system within a certain particular traditions and positions of Chechnya as a republic within the Russian Federation at the beginning of the 21st century.