Characterizing hunting shot materials is a complex multidisciplinary process that involves a detailed study of the properties of materials such as lead, steel, and high-density metals. Each of these materials has its unique characteristics that directly affect the performance of the shot during hunting. Lead has traditionally been used due to its high density, which allows the shot to maintain high kinetic energy and deep penetration, making it ideal for hunting. However, despite its ballistic advantages, lead has become controversial due to its toxicity and negative impact on nature, animals, and humans. Consequently, many countries have implemented bans or restrictions on the use of lead shot, opening the door for alternative materials such as steel, bismuth, and tungsten. Legislation plays a key role in regulating the use of shot materials for hunting, with the aim of conserving natural resources and protecting the environment. Understanding these regulations is crucial for hunters to ensure compliance with the law and to promote sustainable management of hunting resources. Characterizing hunting shot materials requires a holistic approach that involves balancing ballistic performance, ecological factors, and legal regulations. Further development of technologies and research into new materials can contribute to improving the efficiency and sustainability of hunting, while simultaneously preserving natural ecosystems and wildlife, and ultimately benefiting humans.