Railways are recognized as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation that reduces traffic congestion, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution. As part of the European Green Deal and the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, the European Union aims to increase the share of rail traffic, particularly in the segments of high-speed and freight transport. The year 2021 was declared the European Year of Rail to further promote the advantages of this mode of transport. However, railways face challenges such as noise and vibrations that affect the environment, human quality of life, and sensitive machinery in facilities like hospitals or industrial plants. This study analyzes the transmission of vibrations generated during train travel through different soil types and investigates how these soil properties influence the propagation of vibrations. Using numerical methods, such as the finite element method (FEM), a simplified 3D model of railway tracks and soil layers was developed in the ABAQUS software. The analysis included static and dynamic deformations of the soil under various types of trains and their speeds. It was found that soils with lower elasticity modulus, such as clay, produce greater displacements and stresses, while gravelly soils demonstrate higher resistance to vibrations. Special emphasis is placed on avoiding resonant frequencies and adjusting soil properties beneath tracks, which contributes to vibration reduction. Practical solutions include increasing soil stiffness, adding elastic elements, or implementing multilayer systems that combine stability and vibration mitigation. Numerical models, such as infinite elements, enable precise simulations of unbounded soil and provide better insights into soil-structure interaction. The limitations of this study include a simplified model that does not account for complexities such as heterogeneous soil properties and nonlinear deformation effects, as well as the absence of validation through field measurements. Despite these limitations, the results provide a foundation for future research and guidelines for designing railway systems more resilient to vibration effects. The study highlights the need for careful design of soil layers and foundations as a key factor in minimizing the negative impacts of railway traffic.