Aircraft maintenance is one of the most complex maintenance areas due to the large dimensions of aircraft, their complex construction, and their direct impact on passenger and crew safety. In addition, maintenance also has a significant share in the total cost of airlines. Despite the built-in sophisticated equipment for testing and tracking flight data, aircraft maintenance is still mostly performed by experience-based maintenance engineers. The paper describes the issue of maintenance of passenger aircraft and the characteristics of drones. Navigation sensors and technologies used to navigate drones are described in detail, starting from basic to more complex technologies. Drones can access hard-to-reach and dangerous places, record the terrain and send the collected information to a computer in real-time. Due to these characteristics and relatively affordable prices, they are finding wider applications in various areas of life, from recreational applications to emergency interventions. They are finding more and more significant applications in the field of maintenance of various plants and facilities. Accordingly, the complex maintenance of aircraft is being improved by drone technology. In the experimental example, the possibilities of drone positioning, drone movement, and taking the necessary photographs were examined, the comparison of which would detect possible damage to visually inspect the fuselage of a passenger aircraft. Weaknesses and shortcomings in the performance of the experiment were diagnosed and, based on the analysis, conclusions were drawn, and guidelines were proposed for further research and achieving better solutions to this problem.