In the course of cultural and technological progress, man unintentionally polluted the environment through his evolution and existence over time. As progress showed a tendency to grow, the environment was neglected. The existence of human progress is positive, but on the other hand, this progress has a negative impact on the environment and has significant consequences for the environment. The goal of the environmental protection policy in Croatia is to provide citizens with a life within ecological limits and a more rational approach to the use of renewable resources, while the country's economy promises biological diversity and minimizes threats to the environment that Croatia effectively designs and implements various programs and strategies through which environmental protection is ensured. The purpose of this paper is to show how pollution occurs, what are its consequences, and how to overcome and control them. In addition, the paper provides an insight into the state of the environment of the County of Istria, as well as its waste management and plans for planning and controlling the pollution of its environment. As far as investments in the environment are concerned, the County of Istria intends to become one of the leading counties in Croatia, and a number of various projects demonstrate their effectiveness and raise environmental protection to a higher level. Namely, the investments that lead through various institutions are the primary indicator of its success in protecting the environment and preventing various serious and even fatal consequences of pollution. The County of Istria is committed to environmental protection and sustainable development.