Title Trombofilije u trudnoći: dijagnostika, liječenje i kliničke smjernice
Title (english) Thrombophilias in pregnancy: diagnosis, treatment and clinical guidelines
Author Ana - Maria Lukanović
Mentor Natalija Vuletić (mentor)
Committee member Roberta Žauhar Bačić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Damir Čerimagić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Natalija Vuletić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Health Studies (Department of Nursing) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2022-09-26, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Gynecology and Obstetrics
Abstract Trudnoća je obilježena brojnim fiziološkim promjenama u tijelu uključujući i promjenama u krvnom sustavu. To uključuje i povećanje zgrušavanje što može pogoršati postojeća stanja kao što je trombofilija, Trombofilija je poremećaj zgrušavanja krvi koji je povezan sa nastankom arterijskih i venskih tromboza. Najčešći oblik je venski tromboembolizam (VTE) koji se može pojaviti u dubokim venama ekstremiteta (duboka venska tromboza) ili taj tromb može doći do pluća i uzrokovati plućnu emboliju. Trombofilije se dijele na nasljedne i stečene. Trombofilije su povezane sa brojnim komplikacijama u trudnoći kao što su: preeklampsija, IUGR, abrupcija posteljice i gubitak trudnoće. Međutim nema dovoljno jakih dokaza koliko sama trombofilija uzrokuje ta stanja.
Izbor dijagnostike za DVT je kompresivna ultrasonografija, a za PE ventilacijsko perfuzijska scintigrafija i CTPA. Mjerenje razine D-dimera se ne preporučuje za dokazivanje VTE radi fiziološkog rasta D-dimera u trudnoći.
Kao izbor liječenja preporučuje se primjena niskomolekularnog heparine, nefrakcionirani heparin se koristi jedino kod rizika od krvarenja i tijekom poroda. Varifarin je kontraindiciran tijekom trudnoće.
Kliničke smjernice svjetskih društava preporučuju probir na trombofilije jedino ako postoje određeni rizik za nastanak VTE. RCOG ima najstroži režim, oni preporučuju dokumentiranu procjenu rizika za sve trudnice koja se mora ponoviti kod svake hospitalizacije i testiranje na trombofilije ovisno o situaciji. Ostala perinatološka društva preporučuju procjenu rizika tijekom uzimanja anamneze. ANZRCOG smatra da nasljedne trombofilije ne nose značajan rizik za nastanak VTE stoga rutinski probir se ne preporuča (51). Oni dijele trombofilije na značajne i slabe i prema tome preporučuju menadžment. Sva društva preporučuju primjenu niskomolekularnog heparina, a ACOG niskomolekularni heparin i nefrakcionirani heparin. Za DVT se preporuča dijagnostika kompresivnim ultrazvukom, a kod negativnog nalaza i očitih simptoma venografijom. Za PE izbor dijagnostike je prvenstveno ventilacijsko perfuzijska scintigrafija.
Abstract (english) Pregnancy is associated with many physiological changes in body, that includes blood system. That includes hypercoagulability that can worsen existen conditions as thrombophilia. Thrombophilia is coagulability disorder associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. Most common for is venous thromboembolism (VTE) that can be in deep veins of extremites (deep vein thrombosis) or throm can come to lungs and that is pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombophilias are divided in two groups: inherited and aquired. Thrombophilias are associated with many pregnancy complications as: IUGR, abbruption of placenta, preeclampsia, fetal loss. But there are not many strong evidences how thrombofilia itself causes this pregnancy complications.
Diagnostic method of choice for DVT is compressive ultrasonography, for PE ventilation perfusion scintigraphy and CTPA . Measuring D-dimers to diagnose VTE is not reccomended, because levels of D-dimers are physiologicaly higher in pregnancy.
Therapy of choice in pregnancy is low molecular weight heparin. If there is high risk od hemmorrhage ori f therapy is needed during labor, therapy of choice is unfractioned heparin.Warfarin is contraindicated during pregnancy.
Clinical guidelines of all perinatology associatons reccomend thrombophilia screening only if there is a risk of VTE. The strictest regime has RCOG, they reccomend documented risk assesment for all pregnant women, risk assesment has to be repeated at every hospitalization. Other associatons reccomend risk assesment during taking anamnesis, and testing according to other risk factors. ANZROCG doent find inherited thrombofilias as important risk factor for VTE, so routine screening is not reccomended. All asociations reccomend for therapy low molecular weight heparin, ACOG reccomends low molecular heparin and unfractioned heparin. For diagnosis of DVT all associations reccomend compression ultrasonography, if visualisation is negative then testing with other methods is reccomended (venography) and for diagnosis of PE ventalation perfusion scintigraphy.
Keywords
trombofilije
trudnoća
tromboza
venski tromboembolizam
duboka venska tromboza
smjernice
Keywords (english)
thrombophilias
pregnancy
thrombosis
vein thromboembolism
deep vein thrombosis
guidelines
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:187272
Study programme Title: Professional study of Midwifery (Biomedicine and Healthcare; clinical medical sciences) - Part-time study program Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik / prvostupnica (baccalaureus / baccalaurea) primaljstva (stručni/a prvostupnik / prvostupnica (baccalaureus / baccalaurea) primaljstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
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Created on 2022-09-08 09:30:59