Low back pain is a serious medical, social and economic problem. The frequency of low back pain has led many experts to consider it with good reason «the disease of our civilization» and even «the disease of our century». Chronic back pain is usually caused by the degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc, the vertebra, and the sacroiliac joint while lumboishialgia is mostly associated with the herniation of the intervertebral disc. (2) Our study objective was to determine the effectiveness of neurodynamic exercises in the treatment of chronic low back pain in comparison with medical exercises carried out in most health care institutions. 40 subjects aged between 33 and 65, suffering from chronic low back pain were examinated in the study. To obtain the necessary data we used the following questionnaires: the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the measurement of hip range of flexion with extended knee (SLR), and the measurement of the forward and lateral flexion of the trunck. Our study revealed an improvement in the condition of those patients who underwent neurodynamic exercises. Should its effectiveness be confirmed, neurodynamics could become the basic «tool» for the conservative treatment of back pain. However, to prove its effectiveness in the treatment of back pain and other pathologies associated with the spine and the peripheral nervous system, it is necessary to carry out a sufficient number of studies. Neurodynamics is a new science that studies the nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system in particular. It is based on the principles of nerve gliding and nerve stretch capability.