Title Utjecaj tjelesne aktivnosti i sporta na tjelesnu sposobnost odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama Title (english) The effect of physical activity and sports on the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disabilities Author Karmen Puškar Mentor Sandra Bošković (mentor)Committee member Amir Muzur (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Iva Rinčić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Rijeka Defense date and country 2023-09-14, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Intelektualne teškoće su dinamičan razvojni poremećaj s nepoznatom etiologijom, kliničkim tijekom i prognozom koji se odnosi na nespecifične poremećaje u intelektualnom razvoju, a koji uključuju oštećenje funkcije mozga i središnjeg živčanog sustava te se pojavljuju do 18. godine života. Osobe s intelektualnim teškoćama sklone su sjedilačkom načinu života, smanjenoj razini tjelesne aktivnosti i razvoju nezaraznih kroničnih bolesti u ranijoj životnoj dobi, nego osobe bez intelektualnih teškoća. Brojne su studije dokazale pozitivne učinke tjelesne aktivnosti i sporta na tjelesnu sposobnost. Tjelesna sposobnost mjeri se različitim objektivnim, pouzdanim i valjanim testovima, a dijeli se na faktore povezane sa zdravljem i one povezane s tjelesnim vještinama.
Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti utjecaj tjelesne aktivnosti i sporta na tjelesnu sposobnost odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama. Istraživačko pitanje postavljeno je pomoću PICO metode, a od tražilica i platformi pregledane su PubMed, Google Scholar i Web of Science. Kriteriji uključivanja i isključivanja bili su: studije objavljene od 2018. do 2023., dostupnost cjelovitih tekstova, bosanski, engleski, hrvatski i srpski jezik pisanja studija, studije objavljene u MEDLINE i Web of Science Core Collection bazama podataka, studije s objektivnim metodama mjerenja ishoda prije i nakon intervencije te studije s uzorkom odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama starijih od 18. godina života.
Nakon isključivanja svih duplikata i studija koje nisu zadovoljavale kriterije uključivanja, od inicijalne 94 studije, samo su 3 recentne studije bile uključene u daljnju analizu. U sve tri studije osobe s intelektualnim teškoćama provodile su određeni program vježbanja, a njihove tjelesne sposobnosti mjerene su objektivnim testovima prije i nakon intervencije. Dvije studije bile su randomizirane kontrolirane studije, a jedna studija s jednom skupinom ispitanika. U sve tri studije došlo je do statistički značajnih poboljšanja nakon intervencije u gotovo svim testovima koji su mjerili tjelesnu sposobnost zbog čega se može zaključiti kako je utjecaj tjelesne aktivnosti i sporta na tjelesnu sposobnost odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama veoma pozitivan, čime su potvrđene sve hipoteze definirane u ovom diplomskom radu. S obzirom na mali broj relevantnih studija uključenih u ovaj rad, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja utjecaja tjelesne aktivnosti i sporta na osobe s intelektualnim teškoćama.
Abstract (english) Intellectual disability is a dynamic developmental disorder with unknown etiology, clinical course and prognosis that refers to non-specific disorders in intellectual development, which include impairment of brain and central nervous system function and appear up to 18 years of age. People with intellectual disabilities are prone to a sedentary lifestyle, a reduced level of physical activity and the development of chronic diseases at an earlier age than people without intellectual disabilities.Numerous studies have shown the positive effects of physical activity and sports on physical fitness. Physical fitness is measured by various objective, reliable and valid tests, and is divided into factors related to health and those related to physical skills.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity and sports on the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disabilities. The research question is define using the PICO method, and search engines and platforms PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were examined. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were: studies published from 2018 to 2023, availability of full texts, Bosnian, English, Croatian and Serbian languages of study, studies published in MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection databases, studies with objective methods of outcome measurement before and after the intervention and study with a sample of adults with intellectual disabilities over the age of 18.
After excluding all duplicates and studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, from the initial 94 studies, only 3 recent studies were included in the further analysis. In all three studies, people with intellectual disabilities carried out a specific exercise program, and their physical fitness was measured with objective tests before and after the intervention. Two studies were randomized control trials and one study with one group of subjects. In all three studies, there was statistically significant improvement after the intervention in almost all tests that measured physical fitness, which is why it can be concluded that the effect of physical activity and sports on the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disabilities is very positive, thus confirming all hypotheses defined in this thesis. Given the small number of relevant studies included in this paper, further research into the effect of physical activity and sports on people with intellectual disabilities is needed.
Keywords
odrasle osobe s intelektualnim teškoćama
sport
tjelesna aktivnost
tjelesna sposobnost
Keywords (english)
adults with intellectual disabilities
physical activity
physical fitness
sports
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:512721 Study programme Title: Graduate university study of Physiotherapy (Biomedicine and Healthcare; clinical medical sciences) Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-09-11 14:56:20
