Fractures are interruptions in the continuity of the bone, which can be complete or partial, and either open or closed. These injuries most commonly result from external forces such as falls, accidents, sports activities, and similar situations. In children, the most frequent cause of fractures is falling during various activities. Due to frequent exposure and the specific anatomical structure and morphology, the bones of the upper and lower extremities are most prone to fractures. This study aims to determine the frequency of fractures in the upper and lower extremities in pediatric patients presenting to emergency departments and to compare their frequencies. In Croatia and worldwide, fractures represent a significant public health issue. The study sample consisted of pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department at KBC Rijeka (Pediatric Surgery Emergency Room) due to suspected fractures. Data were collected retrospectively through the radiological information system (ISSA) of KBC Rijeka, including age, gender, and type of radiograph of the extremities. Fractures were classified according to anatomical location: for the upper extremities, this includes the humerus, elbow, forearm (radius and ulna), wrist, and hand, while for the lower extremities, it includes the femur, knee, lower leg (tibia and fibula), ankle, and foot. This research may contribute to a better understanding of the frequency of bone fractures in children and highlight the importance of radiological technology in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries.