Title PREHRANA U TRUDNOĆI
Title (english) NUTRITION IN PREGNANCY
Author Mihaela Čuma
Mentor Miljenko Manestar (mentor)
Committee member Aleks Finderle (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Maja Milanović Đorđević (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Miljenko Manestar (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Health Studies (Department of Nursing) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2018-09-27, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Gynecology and Obstetrics
Abstract U današnje vrijeme sve se više pažnje pridodaje namirnicama koje se unose u organizam. Prehrana ima iznimnu važnost kroz cjelokupan život pa tako i u trudnoći. Manjak određenih suplemenata kroz trudnoću može se odraziti na zdravlje žene i djeteta. Preporuke za zdravu prehranu su različite ali jedna od najbitnijih je da prehrana bude raznovrsna i uravnotežena. Žene kroz trudnoću nikako ne bi trebale jesti za dvoje, nego povećati svoj dnevni unos za samo 200 do 300 kcal koliko je to i potrebno, posebno nakon 4. mjeseca trudnoće. Potrebe za energijom se također povećavaju, jer tijelo troši energiju na porast maternice, grudi i posteljice, isto tako na osiguravanje svih hranjivih vrijednosti za dijete i njegov rast. Izbalansirani unos mikronutrijenata i makronutrijenata kroz trudnoću omogućava normalan rast i razvoj djeteta a isto tako održava zdravlje majke. Od makronutrijenata ženama se preporuča unos vlakana kao što su povrće (osobito tamnozeleno), korjenasto povrće, kora voća, proizvodi od cjelovitog pšenice, pšenični mekinje, kukuruzni mekinje, orašasti plodovi i sjemenke. Proteini su pored vode glavna i najbitnija sastavnica organizma. U trudnoći samo posteljica potroši oko 1 kg proteina. Zato su preporuke za dnevni unos proteina 1.1 g/kg. Ugljikohidrati služe kao gorivo tijelu, ne mogu se samostalno sintetizirati zato bi žena trebala dnevno unijeti barem 175 g/kg ugljikohidrata. Taj unos je moguće postići sa samo nekoliko porcija hrane kao što su: voće, povrće i cjelovite žitarice. Dnevni preporučeni iznos sa masti u trudnoći ne postoji ali su bitni za neurorazvoj djeteta. Žene koje su se zdravo hranile u trudnoći možda neće morati koristiti dodatke prehrani da bi unijele vitamine ali svakako su mikronutrijenti neizostavan dio zdrave trudnoće. Dnevni preporučeni unosi za neke od njih su sljedeći: željezo 27 mg, kalcij najmanje 250 mg, folati najmanje 0,4 mg, jod 150 mcg i vitamin D 200 do 600 međunarodnih jedinica.
Žene uz raznovrsnu i uravnoteženu prehranu trebaju unositi minimalno 2 litre tekućine na dan, poželjno je da to bude voda ali ni ostali napitci nisu kontraindicirani osim alkohola koji može uzrokovati alkoholni sindrom djeteta. Prehrana u trudnoći kod žena koje prakticiraju bilo koji oblik vegeterijanske prehrane, ne utječe štetno na dijete niti na ženu sve dok kroz tu prehranu dijete uspije dobiti preporučenu količinu makro i mikronutrijenata. Također žene su slobodne prakticirati sportove i aktivnosti u trudnoći kao i prije trudnoće sve dok ne predstavljaju rizik za ženu i za dijete, dapače vježbanje u trudnoći ženi donosi brojne koristi. U trudnoći se mogu javiti određena stanja nelagode koja su karakteristična za trudnoću kao što su povraćanje i mučnina, zatvor i hemoroidi, žgaravica ili žudnja za hranom. Sva su ta stanja nelagode prirodna i većinom prolaze nakon trudnoće. Prehranom ili ponekad i lijekovima takve nelagode se lako odstranjuju.
Abstract (english) Nowadays, more attention is attached to foods that entry the body. Nutrition have great importance throughout life as well as pregnancy. The lack of specific supplements during pregnancy can be reflected in the health of a woman and a child. Recommendations for a healthy diet are different but one of the most important is to have a varied and balanced diet. Women through pregnancy should not eat for two, but increase their daily intake by only 200 to 300 kcal as much as is needed, especially after 4 months of pregnancy. Energy needs also increase because the body uses energy to grow the uterus, breasts and placenta, as well as ensuring all nutritional value for the fetus and its growth. The balanced intake of micronutrients and macronutrients through pregnancy enables normal growth and development of the baby and also maintains the health of the mother. From the macronutrients women are recommended to introduce fibers such as vegetables (especially dark green), root vegetables, fruit peel, whole wheat products, wheat bran, corn bran, nuts and seeds. Proteins are next to water the main and most important component of the organism. In pregnancy only placenta spends about 1 kg of protein. That is why recommendations for daily protein intake are 1.1 g / kg. Carbohydrates serve as a fuel to the body, can not be synthesized individually, so a woman should take at least 175 g / kg of carbohydrate daily. This input can be achieved with just a few food portions such as: fruits, vegetables and whole grains. The daily recommended amount of fat in pregnancy does not exist but fat are very important for the brain of unborn baby. Women who have been healthy in pregnancy may not have to use nutritional supplements to enter vitamins but surely micronutrients are an indispensable part of healthy pregnancy. Daily recommended intake for some of them are: iron 27 mg, calcium at least 250 mg, folate at least 0.4 mg, iodine 150 mcg and vitamin D 200 to 600 international units. Women with a varied and balanced diet should intake at least 2 liters of fluid per day, preferably water, but no other beverages are contraindicated except for alcohol that can cause alcoholic syndrome of the child. Nutrition in pregnancy in women practicing any form of vegetarian diet does not adversely affect the child or the woman until the diet reaches the recommended amount of macro and micronutrients. Women are also free to practice sports and activities in pregnancy as well as before pregnancy until it poses a risk for a woman and for a child, in pregnancy training gives women a number of benefits. Pregnancy may be associated with certain unpleasant conditions that are characteristic for pregnancy such as vomiting and nausea, constipation and hemorrhoids, heartburn or cravings for the food. All unpleasant conditions are natural and mostly pass after pregnancy. Fever or sometimes medication such discomfort is easily removed.
Keywords
trudnoća
prehrana
zdravlje žene
zdravlje djeteta
Keywords (english)
pregnancy
nutrition
woman*s health
child*s health
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:741700
Study programme Title: Professional study of Midwifery (Biomedicine and Healthcare; clinical medical sciences) - Part-time study program Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva (stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
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Created on 2019-06-04 08:16:55