In today's world and because of a fast way of life, contamination is not a foreign concept. Due to ever increasing human needs, contamination occurs and endangers individual environmental components, thus undermining the quality of life. Water is a crucial need of all living organisms on the Earth. It is the most endangered component of the environment due to its presence in nature and its ability to dissolve various substances with which it comes into contact. In the past, when people released harmful substances into the environment less than today, the water was able to purify itself. An increase in population and industrial development caused the anthropogenic influence to become so intense that the process of self-purification and biological cleansing was prevented. In addition to water, soil is also endangered. It can be contaminated by direct placement of sources of contamination on it, but also by the contact via “carriers”, e.g. contaminated water. Nowadays, agriculture is the major cause of soil contamination due to the improper use of chemicals, the use of artificial fertilizers and agrochemical agents. In order to identify contamination in time, various methods are used, and one of them is biomonitoring. Biomnitoring is a method of monitoring the state of ecosystems, especially biomaterials for the purpose of detecting the presence of contaminants early. By monitoring the reactions of organisms to certain substances, the toxicity of a particular substance as well as the environmental status can be determined.