Geotechnical investigation and testing are conducted to provide a geotechnical soil profile that can give us insight into the lithological composition and mechanical soil properties of a specific location. The bachelor thesis presents the problems of geotechnical exploratory drilling, soil and rock sampling methods while drilling. Standard methods and means of recovering of disturbed and undisturbed samples in diferent soil and rock types are presented in chapter 2. The ISO 22475-1 standard differentiates between 3 main categories of soil sampling methods: A, B and C. Category A consists of samples that are obtained using relevant procedures of sampling using samplers that are of adequate structure with regards to a soil type and soil condition ( firmness, overconsolidation ratio) while having the ability to obtain samples of quality class 1 or 2 which are the highest classes. Only category A samples and samples of quality class 1 can be used for testing firmness, rigidity and consolidation properties of soil. Category B consists of samples that are obtained by using drilling rigs ( a single-tube core barrel ) or SPT, which are of quality classes 3 through 5 according to the ISO standard. These samples can be used for classification, and humidity tests provided they can be classified as quality class 3. Category C consists of samples obtained by using destructive drilling, which can only determine the sequence of different soil layers. The handling, and the methods of preservation of samples during transport and storage are presented in chapter 3.