Nowadays, when we mention energy sources, we most often think about coal, oil, gas, nuclear energy, hydropower, solar energy, wind energy and biofuel. A few centuries ago, it was evident that we relied on only one or two key sources of energy. The master thesis gives an overview on the use of energy throughout the history and makes predictions of its future use. Energy is the key to achieving the economic, social, and environmental goals of humanity, and the amount of energy consumption, the depletion of energy reserves as well as production methods are the most controversial topics in today's world. Scientists, governments, companies, and societies are looking for a solution to meet the growing demand for energy in the rapidly industrializing world. All of these efforts are aimed at achieving global economic growth in an environmentally friendly way. As energyconsumption increases worldwide, new concepts such as sustainabilityand energy efficiency, supply vulnerability and environmental impact are becoming increasingly popular. Predicting the results of upcoming challenges such as climate change and the search for affordable energy at a reasonable price with enlightening policies are the most attractive research subjects.