The subject of this graduate thesis is the analysis of asphalt pavement constructions based on non-destructive methods. The paper focuses on non-destructive methods of testing the structural condition of pavement constructions based on measured deflections. Such measurements by further processing the data can reveal several facts about the existing state of the built roadway. Various ways of collecting data are presented by measuring and calculating the values from which the state of the roadway is determined. Among the first and simpler ways to determine the structural state was based on the values of the calculated parameters of the deflection basin. Such a method gives only a approximate assessment of the structural condition of the road structure layers and often serves as a guide for further analysis. More recently, using special programs that work on the principle of backcalculation, a much better picture of the current structural state can be obtained. Such a calculation has some limitations and requires a lot more input data, and an important part is also a reasonable assessment of the calculation result by engineers. The paper presents the influence of different factors on the deflection value and the ways of correcting the measurement results. At the end of the work, there is an example of a structural analysis of the road construction.