This dissertation summarizes the development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology as a growing technology in the world. It deals with nanoparticles, which with their properties have caused revolution in development of new materials with unimaginable properties. This dissertation covers the analysis of nanomaterials and the influence of these materials on the enviroment such as influence of nanomaterials on air, water and soil. The focus of this dissertation is to draw attention on the positive and negative benefits of nanomaterials on human health and the ways in which we can determine toxicology of nanomaterials on humans. The great deal of attention is put on the exposure to nanomaterials. The essence of this dissertation is to show how properties of these materials can be useful and to piont out hazardous effects of nanomaterials. However, it is also crucial to understand the ways in which we can be exposed to nanomaterials and what outcomes of this exposure might be. Today nanotehnology is a theme which causes amazement of many people and shows ignorance of its development. This dissertation attempts to show nanotechnology as a science which raises great expectations and to bring it closer to humans.