The aim of the thesis was to investigate the surface free energy, roughness and other surface properties of NBR and EPDM lithographic offset “rubber blankets“, to functionalize the surface properties with an oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatment, and to defunctionalize the surface by applying IR and UV lasers. The characterization of the surface free energy with contact angle measurements using test liquids with different surface tension and polarity, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and roughness analysis of the investigated elastomers and their components provided a description of specific surface functional groups that are in correlation with the surface free energy, polarity and other surface characteristics of elastomers. Therefore, their adsorption potential changes and their hydrophilic/ oleophilic or hydrophobic/oleophobic properties can indirectly be evaluated. The chemical analysis of the surface of elastomer (“rubber blanket“) after the plasma and laser treatment, compared to the untreated samples, showed significant changes only in sulphur used as the curing agent. Other, less significant changes in the chemical composition occurred due to the chemical reactions of plasma species with the silica filler or additives, rather than with the basic macromolecular structure of the elastomer. With the uncured crude rubbers, there were no apparent chemical changes after the oxygen plasma or UV laser treatment, while there were simultaneously significant changes in the surface free energy and polarity. With crude rubber, the changes took place due to the changes in the macromolecular structure of the surface. “Rubber blanket“ is a well-known ink transfer media in lithographic offset and other conventional or digital printing techniques, where it is used as the secondary printing forme. The rendering of the “rubber blanket“ surface by using a plasma and laser treatment for a selective defunctionalization is opening new possibilities in using the “rubber blanket“ as an image carrier in the printing process and thus offers a new challenge for future research.