Abortion is an expression of ideological, political and moral-ethical values and causes many emotionally charged debates in society and science. The turning point for social activation on the issue of abortion was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1973, which allowed legal abortions for women throughout the whole pregnancy, triggering a liberalization of abortion in the world. With the increasing availability of legal abortions and an increase in the number of abortions worldwide, there is also growing interest in the possible psychosocial consequences of abortion. Therefore, this work provides a systematic and critical review of the psychosocial consequences of deliberately induced termination of pregnancy among women of childbearing age. Studies show ambivalent effects of abortion on the woman's mental health, such as the occurrence of depression, anxiety, PTSD, post-abortion syndrome or positive effects on mental health. The outcome on the mental health of women depends on the process of making a decision on the termination or continuation of the pregnancy, and obtained support of partners and families. Of great importance for the outcome of mental health after an abortion is detection of risk factors for negative outcomes of abortion, or factors of moderator and/or mediator effect. However, a number of methodological limitations prevent the generalization of research results to the general population or even strong conclusions about this topic. Except the introduction to the institute of abortion and various aspects of it, this paper critically examines previous studies about the topic of abortion. We will also describe different options of applying knowledge about the psychosocial consequences of abortion for women, all with the purpose of prevention of harmful consequences of abortion will also be listed.