Based on available sources and secondary literature, the work Disease and its treatment in Croatian cultural history and science until the beginning of the 18th century brings an overview of selected chapters of the history of medicine on Croatian soil from prehistory to the beginning of the 18th century. After a brief introduction, the second chapter From prehistory through the ages of Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Slavs to Croats brings a chronological overview of medical concepts of the primitive peoples of Greece and Rome, of the Slavs and their arrival in new homeland and of the influence on the Slavs and Croats from the peoples that they've encountered in their new homeland and those people's beliefs and concepts in the pathogenesis of disease and its treatment. The second chapter also covers early Middle Ages and the influence of spreading of Christianity to medicine in Croatian regions. The third chapter Middle Ages provides a brief overview of the general health situation in Croatia in the Middle Ages and then closely devotes to the health and hygienic regulations of the statutes of medieval cities and medieval contracts on treatments, which were concluded between the physician and the patients being treated. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the city of Zadar born physician Federiko Grisogono (1472-1538). The chapter brings his life path and his medical concepts in which his advocacy for medical astrology especially stands out. The fifth chapter is devoted to Amatus Luzitanus (1511-1568), a Jewish doctor from Portugal who spent three years in Dubrovnik and left a valuable record of his work in that Croatian city in his VI. book of Centuria. The fifth chapter of this work gives an overview of his life and work, his stay in Dubrovnik, aforementioned VI. book of Centuria and a record of Luzitanus's treatment of the Croatian poet Sabo Bobaljević (1529/1530-1585). Sixth chapter talks about Santorio Santorio (1511-1568), a physician born in Koper, who spent much of his life engaging in medical practice in Venice, but one part of his life he spent in Croatia. He is well-known for the construction of instruments which he used in his experiments in which he performed the measurements that he used in explanation of his static medicine. The chapter gives an overview of his life and his medical concepts. The last chapter, followed by the conclusion, is devoted to Gjurio Baglivi (16681707). Baglivi was born in Dubrovnik, where he lived and was schooled until he was 14 years old. Because he lost parents early in his childhood, he was adopted by the doctor Pier Angel Baglivi after his 14th birthday and was taken to Lecce, Italy. With his iatromechanical understanding of medicine, he quickly became famous among his contemporaries. The 61 chapter introduces an overview of his life and medical concepts in his two books: De Praxi Medica (1696) and De Fibra Motrice et morbosa (1702).