The paper analyzes the unseen work of the Provincial Administration for Slavonia. Established in 1737 to ensure the stabilization of social relations and to facilitate the position of the serfs, the Provincial Administration of Slavonia was the highest judicial and administrative body in Slavonia until its abolition and the establishment of the counties. The paper is based on an analysis of historical sources, appeal decision of the Provincial Administration for Slavonia, significant because they show us its full range of socio-economic opportunities in Slavonia in the first half of the 18th century and the ways in which the Provincial Administration of Slavonia tried to solve many problems which have troubled the population at the time of its action. To understand and analyse the work of the Provincial Administration for Slavonia, its objects are divided into several groups. Items related to: army, epidemic of plague, banditry, guilds, and violations of the Karl's Urbar and the problem of desert areas. In this paper, examples of complaints and appeal decisions that are typical for their groups or which represent interesting variables are analyzed in detail. The analysis of the work of the Provincial Administration for Slavonia points to the conclusion that the provisions of Karl's Urbar have been implemented to a much greater degree than previously considered. Moreover the cooperation of the military and the Chamber authorities was unexpectedly good and show that the Provincial Administration for Slavonia in its work was guided by Enlightenment cameralistic ideals. Although the work of the Provincial Administration for Slavonia, with the exception of the unsuccessful suppression of banditry, had undoubtedly had a positive effect, the socio-economic conditions in Slavonia remained very difficult. After the plague epidemic in 1738, the Provincial Administration of Slavonia was faced with the problem of taxation on a deserted site, a problem that was not governed by the provisions of Karl's Urbar and whose resolution was beyond the authority of the Provincial Administration for Slavonia.