The aim of this paper is to answer the problem of peasant revolts in Japan during the Edo period. Japan was ruled by the Tokugawa Shogunate from 1603. to 1868., with its center in the city of Edo (modern-day Tokyo), which ruled in the name of the emperor who was reduced to a ceremonial role. During the rule of the shogunate, Japanese society was divided into different social classes situated within a rigid hierarchical system inspired by Confucianism. In the 17.th century, Neo-Confucianism came to Japan, a developed form of Confucian thought which then became the dominant ethical and moral paradigm of Edo Japan, and within that paradigm, obedience to one's superior was required. However, in Japan during the Edo period, an abundance of peasant revolts has been recorded, a fact that directly contradicts the proclaimed social ethics. This inconsistency between what was proclaimed and seemingly put into practice and what happened represents a historiographical unknown and thus a suitable ground for analysis and research work. This paper aims to find the cause of the inconsistency between these two social realities. In order to achieve this goal, after describing the general characteristics and events within the Edo period, ethics and morals in Asia and Edo Japan will be analyzed, the influence that the three dominant Japanese religions - Shinto, Buddhism and Christianity could have on Japanese society and status society itself. In addition, several peasant uprisings in Japan and Croatia will be analyzed to compare the course of peasant uprisings in both countries in order to better understand the research issues through a comparative analysis. Foreign and domestic historiographical literature as well as Internet sources will be used in the research paper. Additional sources will be offered in the form of quotations from the statements of the peasants and philosophical works. Also, for the sake of easier conceptual and spatial navigation, maps will be attached showing the places of the analyzed uprisings in Japan.