Throughout history, women were in a subordinate position to men. They were a part of a marginalized group and their social position was determined by the superiority of men who dictated the social and public life. In the 19th century, as a consequence of the Napoleonic invasions, the influence of enlightened and liberal ideas (which ultimately formed the modern urban societies and the idea of the formation of the modern nation) spread across the Croatian countries. In this transitional period, the social position of women changed in relation to the societal and economic development of the historical Croatian countries. In this context, the central position was taken by Zagreb, which, thanks to the modernization processes, positioned itself as the modern center of Banska Hrvatska (Banovina of Croatia) in the 19th century. In this paper, the author will analyze the social position of women regarding the gender policies of the society of the 19th century Croatia (with special emphasis given to Banovina of Croatia and, more specifically, Zagreb). The enforcement of such policies will be observed on an example of women in both higher and lower social positions in Zagreb. This paper will also describe the development of female roles which, through the modernization processes, resulted in greater emancipation of women. The greatest interest in solving the „female problem“ of that era was displayed in the reorganization of the women's education. With that in mind, this paper will describe the circumstances of the establishment of Temporary women's lyceum in Zagreb, which enabled the secondary education of young women. In this context, this paper will mention the women which contributed to betterment of women's social position in Croatia and the general reputation of Zagreb in the 19th century.