The communist party of Yugoslavia worked during the Second World War, through National Liberation Movement, on making a new Yugoslav country under its leadership. In the Dubrovnik area, the territory south from the Neretva River to Konavle with Pelješac peninsula and parallel islands, which belonged to the Independent State of Croatia in that time, the communists worked more significantly on that goal from September of 1943. Then there was the first attempt of its occupation which resulted in the defeat of the National Liberation Army by the German army whose occupation system set in. When in September and October of 1944, a favorable opportunity was created due to the weakening of the German army on all European fronts, National Liberation Army carried out the offensives that occupied the entire area. After the military victory forth came the process of building and consolidating the government bodies and institutions. A line of violent measures that were reached because of the realization of complete leadership and government control by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia followed that process. The goal of this work is to give an insight into the flow, character and atmosphere of the process of establishment of authority, attitude, and position of the local population towards it based on its military and repressive dimensions.