The topic of this paper is eugenics, that is, the theological-moral evaluation of eugenics from its beginnings until today when it is indirectly present, but certainly active within contemporary (bio)medicine. The paper deals with two fundamental manifestations of the idea of eugenics. It is about the so-called old or the first (classical) eugenics, which officially started with Francis Galton and undoubtedly was and remains notorious since in its practice it used coercive methods of intervening on individuals in order to improve the genes of the population, and secondly about a new variant of one and the same science which is being born and developed again, but this time it is not so explicit and is in a somewhat scientific guise – the so-called new eugenics. The so-called old eugenics historically existed until the end of World War II. Since 1945, along with the development of genetics, it has continued to exist as cryptoeugenics, and it is still active today in contemporary medicine with the full support of modern (bio)technologies in the field of molecular biology, i.e. human genetics and reproductive medicine. Pragmatic-utilitarian mentality and the primacy of instrumental rationality within (bio)medical clinical practice and different medical and bioethical positions on the beginning of human individual life and human nature further complicate the issue and create fertile ground for some eugenic practices and various manipulations of the human being who is essentially a person from the moment of conception, and is in the theological sense the image of God itself.