This thesis explores the development of Mariology, the theological discipline that studies the role and significance of the Blessed Virgin Mary within the Christian faith, through the thought of four key post-conciliar Popes: Paul VI, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Pope Francis. After the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the Church recognized the need for renewed theological reflection on Mary, her role in the history of salvation, and her place in the life of believers. The Council paved the way for a new way of thinking about Mary, which was further developed and promoted by the subsequent Popes. The thesis analyzes how Paul VI emphasized Mary’s role as the "Mother of the Church" and encouraged devotion to Mary in the context of the modern world. John Paul II, known for his devotion to Mary and his motto Totus Tuus ("Totally Yours"), placed Mariology at the center of his theological and pastoral work, particularly in the encyclical Redemptoris Mater. Benedict XVI brought deeper theological reflection on Mary through the lens of Scripture and Tradition, highlighting her role in the history of salvation. Pope Francis, with his emphasis on Mary’s closeness to people and her role as the Mother of all believers, presents a Mariology imbued with a spirit of pastoral closeness and solidarity. This thesis aims to explore the Mariological emphases of these Popes and analyze how their theological reflections and pastoral directives have shaped contemporary Mariology in the Church.