Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary science that includes nanoscience, nanochemistry, nanoelectronics, nanometrology, etc. It is a relatively new branch of science that, due to its wide range of applications, occurs in various fields and processes such as energy production, biomedical applications and various industrial processes. Nanotechnology includes devices and systems that are built by manipulating individual atoms or molecules and materials of small structures. Nanomaterials are materials that are designed to have a unique composition and functionality thus providing a variety of new tools and techniques. Those are the materials whose size is approximately 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). Although nanomaterials are responsible for many technical and industrial opportunities, they also pose a risk to both humanity and the environment, animals and plants. The reason for their toxicity stems from the fact that they are particles of smaller diameter, and large surface that have specific toxicokinetic and toxicological properties. The branch of technology that studies the toxicity and hazards of nanomaterials is called nanotoxicology, which has developed in parallel with nanotechnology.