Title Spolne razlike u kinematici skokova na preskoku u gimnastici
Title (english) Kinematical differences between men and women in jumps on vault in artistic gymnastics
Author Lucija Milčić
Mentor Kamenka Živčić-Marković (mentor)
Committee member Tomislav Krističević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Ljubomir Antekolović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Almir Atiković https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-5044 (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Kinesiology Zagreb
Defense date and country 2019-10-01, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Kinesiology
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 796/799 - Sport
Abstract Cilj ovoga doktorskog rada bio je utvrditi postojanje razlika u kinematičkim pokazateljima skokova na preskoku naskokom Tsukahara između gimnastičara i gimnastičarki. Uzorak ispitanika činili su skokovi vrhunskih gimnastičara (N=5) i gimnastičarki (N=5), specijalizanata preskoka, sudionika natjecanja kvalifikacija i finala Svjetskog kupa u Osijeku (Hrvatska) - FIG World Challenge Cup 2017 (Croatia). Uzorak varijabli činilo je 35 kinematičkih parametara skokova ulazom na spravu naskokom Tsukahara u gimnastičarki (Tsukahara pružena s okretom za 360°) i gimnastičara (Driggs). Obrada i kinematička 3D analiza podataka provedena je sustavom APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System, 2016.) Normalnost distribucije podataka utvrđena je Shapiro-Wilk testom. Spolne razlike u kinematičkim varijablama izračunate su univarijantnom analizom varijance (ANOVA) s Bonferronijevom korekcijom na razini statističke značajnosti p<0,05. S obzirom na postavljene hipoteze rezultati su pokazali da nema statistički značajnih razlika između spolova u varijablama: duljina zadnjeg koraka, kutu centra težišta tijela u odnosu na podlogu u trenutku zadnjeg kontakta stopala s odraznom daskom, udaljenosti između dlanova u prvom kontaktu sa spravom, vremenu trajanja odriva, kutovima lijevog i desnog ramena u prvom kontaktu dlanova sa spravom. Statistički značajna razlika dobivena je u kutu lijevog kuka u prvom kontaktu s odraznom daskom, gdje su gimnastičari imali manji kut u odnosu na gimnastičarke. Isto tako statistički značajna razlika dobivena je u kutu centra težišta tijela u odnosu na os sprave u prvom kontaktu dlanova sa spravom gdje gimnastičarke imaju veći kut za razliku od gimnastičara. Kut u zglobu lijevog lakta u prvom kontaktu dlanova sa spravom se pokazao statistički značajnim, te je veći u gimnastičara što znači da su gimnastičarke prvi kontakt sa spravom izvodile pogrčenim lijevim laktom. Iz rezultata drugog leta skokova vidljiva je statistički značajna razlika između gimnastičara i gimnastičarki u visini centra težišta tijela u odnosu na os sprave do maksimalne visine leta. Kut centra težišta tijela u odnosu na podlogu pri prvom kontaktu stopala s podlogom je statistički značajan i razlikuje spolove te je veći u gimnastičara. Također postoji statistički značajna razlika u varijablama kut u zglobu lijevog i desnog koljena pri prvom kontaktu stopala sa strunjačom koji je veći u gimnastičarki te lijevog i desnog kuka pri prvom kontaktu stopala sa strunjačom većim u gimnastičara. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da su razlike po spolovima izrazito vidljive u drugom letu i fazi odriva sa sprave. Dobivenim spoznajama otkrivene su razlike ali i sličnosti između tehnike izvedbe skokova i smatra se da gimnastičarke imaju prostora za napredak i daljnju nadogradnju skokova.
Abstract (english) Artistic gymnastics is divided into menʼs and womenʼs gymnastics which basically differ according to the number and type of competition disciplines. Menʼs gymnastics consist of six apparatus (floor, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars, and horizontal bar) and four womenʼs apparatus (vault, uneven bars, beam, and floor) of all-around competition in artistic gymnastics. This research aimed to determine the differences in kinematic parameters of the Tsukahara entry on the vault between gymnasts (menʼs and womenʼs). The sample consisted of elite men (N = 5) and women (N = 5) gymnasts, who performed jumps at the qualifications and finals of the FIG World Challenge Cup 2017 in Osijek, Croatia. The sample of variables consisted of 35 kinematic parameters of Tsukahara entry on vault in women (Tsukahara stretched with 1/1 turn (360°) off) and men (Driggs). Data processing and kinematic 3D analysis were performed by the APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System, 2016). Normality of distribution was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Gender differences in kinematic variables were calculated by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction on p<0.05.
Obtained results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the genders in the variables: the length of the last step, the angle of the center of gravity to the floor at the last touch of the foot with the springboard, the distance between the palms in the first contact with the apparatus. The duration of the take-off from the apparatus was equal in both genders and there are no differences in hip angles (left and right) at the first contact of hands with the apparatus.
Statistically, a significant difference was found in the left hip angle at the first contact with a springboard, where the men had a smaller angle than the women. Results of the variable: center of mass to the axis of the apparatus in the first contact of the hands with the apparatus showed a significant difference where the women have a greater angle than the men. The angle of the left elbow in the first contact of the palms with the apparatus proved to be statistically significant and is higher in men, which means that the women had the first contact with the apparatus with a bent left elbow. From the results of the second flight, there is a statistically significant difference between men and women at the center of gravity regarding the axis of the apparatus up to the maximum flight height. The angle of the center of gravity with the floor at the first contact of the foot with the floor is statistically significant and distinguishes the genders and is higher in men. There is also a statistically significant difference in the angle variables: left and right knee joints angle at the first contact of the foot with a mat which is greater in the women and the left and the right hip joint angle at the first contact of the foot with the mat which is higher in the men. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that gender differences are visible in the second flight phase and take-off from the apparatus. The knowledge gained show us the differences or similarities between the performance techniques of the jumps and it is considered that gymnasts have spaces for improvement and further jumps upgrading.
Keywords
biomehanika
preskok
sportska gimnastika
gimnastičari
gimnastičarke
Keywords (english)
biomechanics
vault
artistic gymnastics
men
women
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:117:253149
Promotion 2020
Study programme Title: postgraduate doctoral study of kinesiology Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje društvenih znanosti, polje kineziologija (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje društvenih znanosti, polje kineziologija)
Type of resource Text
Extent 109 str.
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2019-10-10 12:13:45