Title PROBLEMI I POSLJEDICE NAGLOG GUBITKA TJELESNE MASE U VRHUNSKIH NATJECATELJA BORILAČKIH SPORTOVA Title (english) EFFECT OF RAPID WEIGHT LOSS IN PROFESSIONAL COMBAT ATHLETES Author Lea Barković Mentor Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković (mentor)Committee member Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivan Segedi (član povjerenstva)Committee member Mario Baić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-05-20, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Nagli gubitak tjelesne mase neposredno prije natjecanja često se pojavljuje u borilačkim sportovima kao što su MMA, taekwondo, boks, kickboxing, judo, hrvanje itd. Borci radi natjecanja u nižim težinskim kategorijama žele u što kraćem vremenu smanjiti tjelesnu masu kako bi stekli prednost nad protivnikom. Sve češće i ranije sportaši i sportašice počinju s metodama naglog smanjenja tjelesne mase.
Literaturni podaci govore da 60 do 80 % sportaša i sportašica borilačkih sportova redovito smanjuje tjelesnu masu naglim metodama netom prije natjecanja, u prosjeku izgube 5% tjelesne mase. Najčešće žene i muškarci koriste se metodama dehidracije tijela pomoću: vrućih slanih kupki i sauna uz upotrebu plastičnih ili gumenih odijela, primjenom laksativa i diuretika. Metode kojima se koriste nepovoljno utječu na fiziološke procese u tijelu i kognitivne sposobnosti, važne u borilačkim sportovima koji zahtijevaju koncentraciju, procjenu i vještinu sportaša. Pojavljuju se negativni fiziološki učinci na organizam najčešće u obliku povećanja frekvencije srca u mirovanju, poremećaja termoregulacijskih procesa, poremećaja u radu hormona te utjecaja na respiratorne funkcije. Radi naglog smanjenja tjelesne mase sportaš može osjećati zbunjenost, umor, bijes, depresiju, anksioznost i imati nisko samopouzdanje koje rezultira strahom od ishoda meča. Kako bi se zaštitilo vrhunske sportaše i sportašice u nekim se borilačkim sportovima uvode pravila koja bi smanjila mogućnost naglog smanjenja tjelesne mase te tako zaštitili natjecatelja od primijene opasnih metoda za zdravlje pa i moguće smrti. Neke se studije u svojim istraživanjima zalažu za proglašenje naglog smanjenja tjelesne mase dopingom jer smatraju da metoda narušuje zdravlje sportaša i sportašica, poboljšava sposobnosti i krši sportski duh.
Abstract (english) Rapid weight loss often appears in martial arts such as: MMA, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing, judo, wrestling, etc. Fighters want to "lose weight" as soon as possible to compete in lower weight categories to gain an advantage over the opponent. More often and earlier athletes start using methods of rapid weight loss.
Therefore, it is found that 60 to 80% of martial arts athletes regularly lose weight by rapid methods just before the competition, losing an average of 5% of body weight. Most often women and men use methods of dehydration of the body using: hot salt baths and saunas with the use of plastic or rubber suits, laxatives, and diuretics.The methods they use adversely affect physiological processes in the body and cognitive abilities, and these parameters are important in martial arts because they require concentration, assessment, and the skill of the athlete. Problems appear that have negative physiological effects on the body, most often in the form of increased heart rate, damage to thermoregulatory processes, disorders of hormones, and effects on respiratory functions. Because of rapid weight loss, an athlete may feel confused, tired, angry, depressed, anxious, and have low self-confidence which makes it difficult to consider the possibility of winning a match, especially against a top opponent. To protect top athletes, rules are being introduced in some combat sports to reduce the possibility of rapid weight loss and to prevent athletes from dangerous methods and possible death. Some studies in their research advocate declaring a method of rapid weight loss as doping because they believe that the method violates the health of athletes, improves performance, and violates the sporting spirit.
Keywords
borilački sport
smanjenje kilograma
dehidracija
fiziološki procesi
psihološki procesi
Keywords (english)
combat sports
weight loss
dehydration
physiological processes
psychological processes
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:117:674252 Study programme Title: Kinesiology; specializations in: Kinesiology in Education and Track-and-Field, Kinesiology in Education and Fitness, Kinesiology in Education and Wrestling, Kinesiology in Education and Sailing, Kinesiology in Education and Windsurfing, Kinesiology in Education and Judo, Kinesiology in Education and Kayaking, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesiological Recreation, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesitherapy, Kinesiology in Education and Physical Conditioning of Athletes, Kinesiology in Education and Basketball, Kinesiology in Education and Football, Kinesiology in Education and Volleyball, Kinesiology in Education and Basic Kinesiological Transformations, Kinesiology in Education and Dancing, Kinesiology in Education and Swimming, Kinesiology in Education and Rhythmic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Handball, Kinesiology in Education and Skiing, Kinesiology in Education and Artistic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Management of Sport, Kinesiology in Education and Tennis, Kinesiology in Education and Rowing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to authenticated users Terms of use Created on 2021-07-07 10:42:14
